Web Resources

North American Orchid Conservation Center
            http://northamericanorchidcenter.org/
            http://northamericanorchidcenter.org/featured-orchids-and-insects/            
            http://northamericanorchidcenter.org/orchid-science/            
            http://www.serc.si.edu/naocc/NAOCC_brochure.pdf

Native Orchid Conference, Inc.
            http://www.nativeorchidconference.info/

American Orchid Society
            http://www.aos.org/Default.aspx?id=59

San Francisco Orchid Society
            http://www.orchidsanfrancisco.org/

Smithsonian 3D Explorer
            http://3d.si.edu/explorer?modelid=58

US Forest Service
            http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/beauty/cypripedium/cypripedium_kentuckiense.shtml
            http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/beauty/cypripedium/
            http://www.fspublishers.org/published_papers/20392_..pdf
            http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinators/pollinator-of-the-month/aedes_communis.shtml
            http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinators/pollinator-of-the-month/flower_flies.shtml
            http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinators/pollinator-of-the-month/aedes_communis.shtml

Darwin Online
            http://darwin-online.org.uk/converted/published/1877_Orchids_F801/1877_Orchids_F801.html

Andrews Forest – Oregon State University
            http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/pubs/pdf/pub2601.pdf

Rutgers - Department of Entomology
            http://www-rci.rutgers.edu/~insects/comm.htm

University of Michigan – Museum of Zoology
            http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Battus_philenor/

University of Florida - Featured Creatures
            http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/bees/anthophora_abrupta.htm

Calflora
            http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Epipactis+gigantea

University of Manitoba – Department of Entomology
            http://www.wallisroughley.ca/Sph2.html

USDA NRCS – Plants Database
            http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=gasp5

North Carolina Native Plant Society
            http://www.ncwildflower.org/media_uploads/documents/A_NEW_FRINGED_PLATANTHERA.pdf

Washington State University – Whatcom County Extension
            http://whatcom.wsu.edu/ag/homehort/pest/mining_bees.htm


Videos

Drunk wasp falls off of Epipactis purpurata - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIbB2_MUFs8
Insects pollinating orchids in Europe - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpcZkcloEtFnOhX8fDMzF2g
First known instance of a cricket as an orchid pollinator captured on film - http://www.kew.org/news/first-cricket-as-an-orchid-pollinator-captured-on-film.htm
Hand pollinating a vanilla orchid - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_Pguwl9c1Q



Text Resources
Be sure to keep an eye out for Dr. Bernhardt and Dr. Meier’s upcoming book titled: Darwin’s Orchids: Then and Now – coming to shelves this summer!

Argue, C.L. 2011. The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 1: North of Florida and Mexico.  Springer Science and Business Media.

Bernhardt, P. & Edens-Meier, R. 2010. What we think we know vs. what we need to know about orchid pollination and conservation: Cypripedium L. as a model lineage. Botanical Review 76: 204-219    

Bernhardt, P. 2002.  The Rose’s Kiss: A Natural History of Flowers.  University of Chicago Press China.

Bernhardt, P.  2003.  Wily Violets & Underground Orchids:  Revelations of A Botanist.  University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. .

Brown, P. M., C. Smith and J. S. Shriver. 2008. A new fringed Platanthera (Orchidaceae) from the Central Appalachian Mountains of Eastern North America. North American Native Orchid Journal 14(4): 239-253.

Dixon, K. W., S. P. Kell, R. L. Barrett & P. J. Cribb (editors). 2003. Orchid Conservation. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.

Dressler, R.L. 1993.  Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family.  Dioscorides Press (an imprint of Timber Press), Portland, Oregon.

Edens-Meier, R., Arduser, M., Westhus, E. & Bernhardt, 2011. Pollination ecology of Cypripedium reginae Walter (Orchidaceae): Size Matters. Telopea 13: 327-340. *** This has good color photos of the flower and its pollinator.

Edens-Meier, R.M., Vance, N. Luo, Y.B., Li, Peng, Westhus, E. & Bernhardt, P. 2010.  Pollen-Pistil interactions in North American and Chinese Cypripedium L. (Orchidaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 17: 370-381.

Kindlmann, P., J. H. Willems & D. F. Whigham. 2002. Trends and Fluctuations and Underlying Mechanisms in Terrestrial Orchid Populations. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.

Krupnick, Gary A., McCormick, Melissa K., Mirenda, Thomas and Whigham, Dennis F. 2013. The status and future of orchid conservation in North America. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 99(2): 180-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2011108

Li, P., Luo, Y., Bernhardt, P., Kou, Y., Perner, H. 2008. Pollination of Cypripedium plectrochilum (Orchidaceae) by Lasioglossum spp. (Halictidae): the roles of generalist attractants versus restrictive floral architecture.  Plant Biology 10: 220-230.

Li, P., Luo, Y.B., Bernhardt, P., Yang, X.Q. & Kou, Y. 2006. Deceptive pollination of the lady’s  slipper Cypripedium tibeticum (Orchidaceae). Plant Systematics & Evolution 262: 53-2006.

Lipow, S.R., Bernhardt, P. & Vance, N. 2002.  Comparative rates of pollination and fruit set in widely separated populations of a rare orchid (Cypripedium fasciculatum). International Journal of Plant Science. 163: 775-782.

Luer, C.A. 1972.  The Native Orchids of Florida. The New York Botanical Garden.  Bronx, New York.

Luer, C.A. 1975.  The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada: Excluding Florida.  New York Botanical Garden.  Bronx, New York.

Micheneau, C., Johnson, S.D. & Fay, M.F. 2009. Orchid pollination; from Darwin to the present day.  Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 1-19.

Siegl, C. 2011. Orchids and Hummingbirds: Sex in the fast lane.  Orchid Digest, Jan., Feb.  Pp 8-17.

Stewart, S. L. & A. Hicks. 2010. Propagation and conservation status of the native orchids of the United States (including selected possessions), Canada, St. Pierre et Miquelon, and Greenland. N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 16: 47–66.

Swarts, N. D. & K. W. Dixon. 2009. Terrestrial orchid conservation in the age of extinction. Ann. Bot. 104: 543–556.

Van der Cingel, Nelis. An Atlas Of Orchid Pollination: America, Africa Asia, And Australia. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkeman. 2001.
 
Waterman, R. J. & M. I. Bidartondo. 2008. Deception above, deception below: Linking pollination and mycorrhizal biology of orchids. J. Exp. Bot. 59: 1085–1096.